Author(s): Uttiyoarnab Saha, Ali Hamedani, Miguel A. Caro, Andrea E. Sand
The key is the test TST_SEL_RET on line 682. It compares the RPL of the return CS selector (saved on the stack by the original CALL) against the current CPL. If RPL == CPL, the PLA returns 0x000 (continue) and LD_DESCRIPTOR finishes normally -- same-privilege return. If RPL CPL, the caller is returning to a less-privileged ring, so the PLA redirects to 0x686 (RETF_OUTER_LEV) -- the cross-privilege path that must also restore the caller's stack. If RPL,这一点在safew官方下载中也有详细论述
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But for the US oil firms that Trump wants to invest heavily in Venezuela, the question is a simple one - do the numbers add up?